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　　二)概念对等：

　　平行并列过程中,要求概念要对等,就名词而言,特指对特指,抽象对抽象,具体对具体.它们从来不相互对应进行并列。

　　New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused reversals in the Earth’s magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, splitting apart continents 80 million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions.

　　A splitting apart continents

　　B the splitting apart of continents

　　C split apart continents

　　D continents split apart’

　　E continents that were split apart

　　译文：新的理论提出小行星和慧星灾难性的影响可能引地磁场的颠倒，冰川时代的到来，8千万年前大陆的分裂以及火山的喷发。

　　分析：本题平行并列部分是. Reversals , the onset, …. And eruption显然是由动词的抽象名词词形的并列。所以动词的抽象名词表结果，只能和抽象名词并列，而doing强调动做,就splitting apart而言，无名词，所以只能用the splitting apart表达此意。

　　本题选的是B

        三)功能相同

　　有些特殊题目无法做到形式对称也只能退一步保证功能相同如：

　　scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth. A giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and root like tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.

　　A extending

　　B extends

　　C extended

　　D it extended

　　E is extending

　　译文：科学家最近发现地球上最大的真菌是在Michigan森林中一种被单独受精的孢子所产生的交织混合的蘑菇金银丝和和根状腺毛并且主动向周边土壤延伸30亩。

　　分析：本题中出现了and本来要求前后形式对称。但基于客观事实,产生是被动的而周边延伸却是主动做出的，所以本题选的是extending.虽然形式上不对称.但功能上却是相同的.因为都是分词。

　　四)含义单一

　　重点考查两个题型：

　　1. 从句并列使用相同连词且都补出

　　例:It is well known in supermarket industry that how items are placed on shelves and the frequency of inventory turnovers can be crucial to profits.

　　A the frequency of inventory turnovers can be

　　B the frequency of inventory turnovers is often

　　C the frequency with which the inventory turns over is often

　　D how frequently is the inventory turned over are often

　　E how frequently the inventory turns over can be

　　译文： 在超级市场产业中,货品如何摆放以及存货周期是多少是盈利的关键。分析：and 连接两个平行并列部分，要求形式完全对称,所以答案选择为DE中一个，情态动词不能随意省略添加和改变则答案只有一个是E。因为can表示可能性,如果省略含义发生改变。